1. Management and maintenance status of SME mechanical equipment

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's machinery industry followed the former Soviet Union's machinery and equipment management and maintenance system, that is, a unified plan for preventive maintenance. The basis of the formulation is the theory of wear laws of mechanical equipment, and maintenance levels are divided according to the operating time of mechanical equipment (such as overhaul, intermediate repair, minor repair, etc.). The maintenance system formed according to the wear and tear rules of machinery and equipment has caused almost every enterprise to have its own machinery and equipment management and maintenance department, equipped with many professional maintenance personnel and a large number of maintenance equipment, tools and instruments. However, with the advancement of technology, this maintenance system can no longer fully meet the requirements of modern technical equipment management and maintenance. Its main performance is:

(1) In order to meet the needs of modern enterprise management, the machinery and equipment management and maintenance departments of small and medium-sized enterprises have generally streamlined their organizations, resulting in a reduction in the number of professional maintenance technicians. In addition, in the past few years, due to the influence of social contempt for management and maintenance, many young engineering techniques Insufficient energy has weakened the entire group of senior and skilled maintenance personnel. In this way, the technical transformation and maintenance tasks of many mechanical equipment cannot be completed, or the accuracy and performance of mechanical equipment after repair cannot meet the requirements, which affects the normal production of the enterprise.

(2) With the upgrading of machinery and equipment, its technical content is getting higher and higher. Maintenance work requires a variety of technical talents such as organic, electrical, hydraulic, and microcomputer monitoring. However, it is difficult for SMEs to retain these talents due to many circumstances. High-end, precision, and sharp mechanical equipment are often idle or scrapped due to a small failure, resulting in underutilization or waste of resources. Even if the company has specially trained talents for some machinery and equipment, it will be difficult to play its due role due to the limited number of repairs. At the same time, due to conditions, it is difficult to supplement and update the technical information in time, and it is easy to form Technology old modernization phenomenon.

(3) The development of modern high-tech and mechanical equipment has forced maintenance companies to increase the number of testing equipment and instruments; and small and medium-sized enterprises generally do not have the ability to equip one or more mechanical equipment with complete maintenance tools and instruments. Even if it is barely equipped, the utilization rate is not high. Moreover, the maintenance of mechanical equipment is different from other tasks. When the intact rate of mechanical equipment is high, maintenance personnel may have nothing to do, and the utilization rate of special tools and instruments equipped is also low, which will cause waste of manpower and material resources.

(4) The guidance role of industry associations has weakened, and the machinery and equipment management associations in some areas have been almost paralyzed, making it difficult for new technologies, new processes and new materials for the maintenance of machinery and equipment to be popularized to enterprises. It is difficult to find a good way to repair or modify.

2. Suggestions for improvement

The maintenance of machinery and equipment should take the path of professionalization and socialization. That is, the maintenance of machinery and equipment is separated from the enterprise. According to the type of machinery and equipment or the region, a professional repair shop or regional maintenance center is established. Specialized maintenance factories use economic contracts to test machinery and equipment for enterprises that do not have the repair conditions, and provide paid services to gradually form a socialized repair system. This is a strategic goal to realize the structural reform of industrial production.

Under the traditional management mode, enterprises often regard product design, planning, finance, production, personnel and mechanical equipment maintenance as essential business tasks of the enterprise, so they work hard to do so, which reduces the core competitiveness of the enterprise , Increasing the cost of the business.

The 21st century is an era of knowledge economy. Most of our enterprises are facing corporate restructuring and transition to enter the market economy and quickly integrate into international competition. Therefore, there are many new technologies, theories, concepts, models, etc. that require us to make great efforts to study, face, and outsource non-core business to other enterprises, freeing up time, manpower, and material resources to strengthen ourselves and advantageous projects. At present, the management and maintenance department of machinery and equipment has become the logistic support department of the production and operation system. To serve the market competition of enterprises, it is impossible to do everything. Therefore, the enterprise itself can no longer be like the "big and all" and "small and all" maintenance teams under the planned economic system in the past, and the professionalization and socialization of the maintenance and renovation of machinery and equipment will inevitably become Trend.

In this situation, in order to make the human, material and resources in the enterprise fully realize its due potential, you can try to take part in the maintenance of some machinery and equipment by the society, that is, in addition to some special machinery and equipment in the enterprise, it is critical to production. In addition to important machinery and equipment, other general machinery and some specialized machinery and equipment can be repaired by subcontractors. The machinery and equipment management department is only responsible for the daily use and maintenance of machinery and equipment, and the macro-control of the machinery and equipment management system.

In this way, the subcontractor is a professional machinery and equipment maintenance plant (or company), which can train professional and technical personnel in a certain field, equipped with a full range of specialized maintenance equipment, tools and testing instruments, and gather the latest technology and industry information in the field , Using its own industry, resources, technology and information advantages, to provide customers with a full range of services from mechanical equipment selection, installation, commissioning, maintenance, repair, transformation and adjustment, to ensure the quality of maintenance and timeliness of service, Under the principle of mutual benefit, we have reached long-term cooperative relationships with customers.

At the same time, maintenance companies should also make full use of outsourced service businesses such as machinery equipment manufacturers' offices, special repair stations, etc., and take advantage of their close technical relationship with manufacturers and the advantages of having parts and processed parts supply, while transferring some machinery The equipment is outsourced to them for maintenance, so as to ensure the quality of maintenance and shorten the maintenance cycle.

This professional machinery and equipment maintenance plant involves all walks of life and covers multiple fields to form a complete maintenance system. The country can cultivate and regulate the machinery and equipment maintenance market through laws and regulations, and qualify the machinery and equipment maintenance units entering the market. Standardize management of certification, maintenance quality and price, and mediation of maintenance transaction disputes to create good external conditions for enterprises to change the "big and all" and "small and all" machinery and equipment maintenance system, and promote the professionalization of machinery and equipment maintenance and society. The establishment and development of the system.

3. Outlook

The State Economic and Trade Commission pointed out in the "10th Five-Year Plan" national machinery and equipment management work outline that it is necessary to actively cultivate and regulate the market for mechanical equipment elements, and promote the social and professional development of enterprise machinery and equipment maintenance. At present, the state is conducting pilot projects in some central cities such as Jinan and Harbin. This work has accumulated some experience. The mechanical repair branches (workshops) of a number of large and medium-sized enterprises have been carrying out socialization and professionalization of mechanical equipment maintenance to the public. Service.

From a national perspective, the professional and social work of the motor vehicle maintenance industry has been carried out earlier and is more popular. The entire maintenance market has prospered, forming a complete maintenance category, supporting large, medium and small enterprises, and high, medium and low-level technical work. Complete system that can undertake overhaul, maintenance and special repair of high-end vehicles, mid-range vehicles, ordinary vehicles, engineering vehicles, special vehicles. Since the beginning of the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the motor vehicle maintenance industry has widely used professional maintenance equipment and testing and diagnostic instruments. Many companies have increased investment, trained personnel, remodeled factories, improved operations, increased equipment, and increased the content of maintenance technology, making maintenance companies more powerful. , Stand out in the fierce market competition, the appearance of the maintenance industry has changed significantly, and the entire motor vehicle repair industry is developing well.

During the transformation period of the economic system from the planned economic system to the market economic system, the mode of economic growth will change from extensive to intensive, and the social divisions are becoming more and more detailed. People are actively exploring and establishing a new system and new mechanism for machinery and equipment maintenance Mode, trying to establish a professional and socialized system of mechanical equipment maintenance, to promote the effective use of mechanical equipment resources and optimize the allocation, this will be the inevitable trend of the development of mechanical equipment maintenance industry.